珠海將掀起一場屋頂上的“綠色革命”。近日珠海召開“分布式光伏發(fā)電推廣大會(huì)”，稱到2017年力爭實(shí)現(xiàn)珠海市屋頂太陽能光伏發(fā)電總裝機(jī)容量300兆瓦，具備條件的新建工業(yè)廠房屋面光伏發(fā)電應(yīng)用率超過70%，老舊廠房等可利用屋面通過改造光伏發(fā)電應(yīng)用率超過30%。

羊城晚報(bào)記者了解到，光伏發(fā)電目前主要是在工商業(yè)領(lǐng)域推廣，因成本過高“并網(wǎng)”困難，真正要應(yīng)用到家庭住宅上仍很難。

扶持力度全國少見

以“國際宜居城市”為建設(shè)目標(biāo)的珠海，一直非常重視綠色建筑的發(fā)展，在當(dāng)天推廣會(huì)上，相關(guān)部門發(fā)布了《珠海市分布式光伏發(fā)電實(shí)施方案》，提出將采用“自發(fā)自用、余量上網(wǎng)、就近消納、電網(wǎng)調(diào)節(jié)”的運(yùn)營模式，將分布式光伏發(fā)電的應(yīng)用落實(shí)到全市綠色建筑專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃中，為分布式光伏發(fā)電提供必需的屋面資源，從源頭上保證光伏發(fā)電在建筑中的應(yīng)用，將其打造成城市新名片。

方案指出，對(duì)于列入珠海年度建設(shè)計(jì)劃的光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目，建成并通過驗(yàn)收后，企業(yè)在享受國家補(bǔ)貼的基礎(chǔ)上，由市政府給予統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的市級(jí)補(bǔ)貼。此外，珠海擬將太陽能光伏發(fā)電應(yīng)用納入節(jié)能考核指標(biāo)以及獎(jiǎng)罰制度，對(duì)當(dāng)年完成光伏并網(wǎng)容量指標(biāo)任務(wù)前三位的工業(yè)園區(qū)管委會(huì)及相關(guān)工作人員給予一定獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

值得一提的是，珠海還將支持政府建筑先行先試，積極推進(jìn)政府辦公建筑、學(xué)校、醫(yī)院等大型公共建筑采用“合同能源管理”方式建設(shè)分布式光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。此外，對(duì)于符合綠色建筑星級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建筑工程，享受新型墻體材料專項(xiàng)基金的全額返退政策。住建部建筑節(jié)能與科技司副司長韓愛興在推廣會(huì)上感嘆，珠海在光伏發(fā)電的協(xié)作機(jī)制和落實(shí)方面可作為“標(biāo)志性城市”，其對(duì)光伏推廣的重視，“放眼全國也不多見”。

據(jù)悉，根據(jù)規(guī)劃，到2017年，珠海力爭實(shí)現(xiàn)全市光伏發(fā)電總裝機(jī)容量300兆瓦的目標(biāo)，此外具備條件的新建工業(yè)廠房屋面分布式光伏發(fā)電應(yīng)用率超過70%，老舊廠房等可利用屋面通過改造光伏發(fā)電應(yīng)用率超過30%。

建成項(xiàng)目省煤萬噸

珠海市住建局負(fù)責(zé)人介紹，珠海目前已建成20余個(gè)光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目，格力、偉創(chuàng)力等國際知名企業(yè)均有涉足。截至目前，全市已節(jié)約超過13000噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤，減排二氧化碳近35000噸。

偉創(chuàng)力珠海公司從2010年起開始使用光伏發(fā)電，與珠海興業(yè)太陽能合作投入超過1億元，建設(shè)裝機(jī)容量達(dá)11.35萬兆瓦的光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目，該公司負(fù)責(zé)人表示，項(xiàng)目建成后，每年發(fā)電近1200萬度，占其總用電量的三分之一，幫助公司達(dá)成了“十二五”節(jié)能減排目標(biāo)。

興業(yè)太陽能是珠海最大的光伏企業(yè)，該公司董事局主席劉紅維稱，計(jì)劃在珠海建設(shè)300兆瓦分布式光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目，通過上市公司的多元化融資平臺(tái)獲取資金支持，項(xiàng)目完成后每年將產(chǎn)生3億千瓦時(shí)的綠色電力。

千萬平方米屋頂可用

珠海市住建局相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人介紹，珠海的太陽年輻射總量每平方米高達(dá)4651.6兆焦，年日照時(shí)數(shù)達(dá)1292.1小時(shí)，每年每平方米地表吸收的太陽能相當(dāng)于140-190公斤標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤熱量。同時(shí)，珠海雨水較為充沛，有利于保持組件的清潔，非常適合進(jìn)行太陽能資源的利用。

這位負(fù)責(zé)人稱，珠海市所有建筑物的總建筑面積已超過1億平方米，目前規(guī)劃的全市范圍內(nèi)可利用的屋頂面積達(dá)1000萬平方米。如果按屋頂面積可利用率50%來計(jì)算，有將近500萬平方米的既有屋頂可安裝光伏板，發(fā)電功率達(dá)300兆瓦，項(xiàng)目建成后年發(fā)電量可達(dá)3億度，這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)相當(dāng)于目前珠海市全年總供電的2%左右。

成本高并網(wǎng)難 家庭普及不易

目前光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)已成熟，從理論上說光伏發(fā)電已可進(jìn)入千家萬戶，但珠海興業(yè)太陽能公司負(fù)責(zé)人坦言：未來幾年內(nèi)，“屋頂太陽能”建設(shè)主要還是針對(duì)工商業(yè)客戶，光伏進(jìn)入家庭仍面臨兩個(gè)主要問題。

首先，光伏并網(wǎng)接入難，能源公司在計(jì)價(jià)、運(yùn)行機(jī)制等問題上，與國家電網(wǎng)的交涉并不順利，雙方未達(dá)成一致，“電力部門的條件比較嚴(yán)，要求也多”。

另一大阻礙是成本，盡管目前光伏材料的制造成本“已經(jīng)很低了”，但一個(gè)光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目的成本回收期仍長達(dá)七八年，而小戶型的項(xiàng)目成本比工廠型的更高，“如果大規(guī)模安裝，每瓦耗資約8.5元；而小戶型安裝，則每瓦需要12元以上?！?

Zhuhai will set off a rooftop "green revolution".Recently, Zhuhai held the "Distributed PHOTOVOLTAIC Power Generation Promotion Conference", and said that by 2017, zhuhai will strive to achieve a total installed capacity of 300 MEGAwatts of rooftop solar photovoltaic power generation, with the roof pv power generation application rate of more than 70% of new industrial plants with the conditions, and the roof pv power generation application rate of old plants and other usable roofs through renovation more than 30%.

Yang Cheng Evening News reporter learned that photovoltaic power generation is currently mainly promoted in the industrial and commercial field, because of the high cost of "grid" difficulties, really to be applied to the family residence is still difficult.

Support is rare in China

Zhuhai, aiming to become an "international livable city", has always attached great importance to the development of green buildings. At the promotion meeting on the same day, relevant departments released the Implementation Plan of Zhuhai Distributed PHOTOVOLTAIC Power Generation, which proposed the operation mode of "self-use, surplus Internet access, nearby consumption and power grid regulation". To implement the application of distributed photovoltaic power generation into the city's green building special planning, to provide the necessary roof resources for distributed photovoltaic power generation, ensure the application of photovoltaic power generation in buildings from the source, and make it a new name card of the city.

According to the plan, for photovoltaic power generation projects listed in zhuhai's annual construction plan, after the completion and acceptance of enterprises, on the basis of national subsidies, the municipal government will give a unified standard of municipal subsidies. In addition, Zhuhai plans to include the application of solar photovoltaic power generation into the energy-saving assessment index and the reward and punishment system, and give certain rewards to the industrial park management committee and relevant staff who complete the top three photovoltaic grid-connected capacity index tasks in that year.

It is worth mentioning that Zhuhai will also support government buildings to adopt "contract energy management" approach to build distributed photovoltaic power generation system in large public buildings such as government office buildings, schools and hospitals. In addition, for the construction projects in line with the green building star standard, enjoy the new wall material special fund full refund policy.Han Aixing, deputy director of the Building Energy Conservation and Technology Department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, lamented at the promotion meeting that Zhuhai could be regarded as a "landmark city" in terms of cooperation mechanism and implementation of PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation, and its emphasis on photovoltaic promotion was "not seen in the whole country".

It is reported that according to the plan, by 2017, Zhuhai will strive to achieve the city's total installed capacity of PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation of 300 MEGAwatts of the target, in addition to the qualified new industrial plant roof distributed photovoltaic power generation rate of more than 70%, old plants and other usable roof through renovation of photovoltaic power generation rate of more than 30%.

The completed project saves tons of coal

The person in charge of zhuhai Municipal Bureau of Housing and Construction introduced that zhuhai has built more than 20 photovoltaic power generation projects, and international well-known enterprises such as Gree and Flextronics are involved. So far, the city has saved more than 13,000 tons of standard coal and reduced carbon dioxide emissions by nearly 35,000 tons.

Flextronics Zhuhai began to use photovoltaic power generation in 2010, and invested more than 100 million yuan in cooperation with Zhuhai Xingye Solar energy to build a photovoltaic power generation project with an installed capacity of 113,500 MW. According to the person in charge of the company, after the completion of the project, nearly 12 million KWH will be generated annually, accounting for one third of its total electricity consumption. Helped the company achieve the "twelfth Five-Year" energy conservation and emission reduction target.

Liu Hongwei, chairman of The board of Directors of Xingye Solar, zhuhai's largest photovoltaic company, said it plans to build 300 megawatts of distributed photovoltaic power in Zhuhai, which will generate 300 million kilowatt hours of green electricity annually after the project is completed and will be financed through diversified financing platforms of listed companies.

Ten million square meters of roof available

According to zhuhai Municipal Bureau of Housing and Construction, the annual solar radiation in Zhuhai is as high as 4,651.6 megajoules per square meter, and the annual sunshine hours are 1,292.1 hours. The solar energy absorbed per square meter is equivalent to 140-190 kilograms of standard coal heat per year. At the same time, zhuhai has abundant rain, which is beneficial to keep the components clean and is very suitable for the utilization of solar energy resources.

The official said that the total floor area of all buildings in Zhuhai has exceeded 100 million square meters, and the city currently plans to have 10 million square meters of usable roof area. If the utilization rate of the roof area is 50%, nearly 5 million square meters of existing roof can be installed with PHOTOVOLTAIC panels, generating 300 MEGAwatts of power. After the completion of the project, the annual generating capacity can reach 300 million KWH, which is equivalent to about 2% of the total annual power supply of Zhuhai city.

The cost is high and the network is difficult to popularize the family

At present, photovoltaic power generation technology has been mature, theoretically speaking, photovoltaic power generation can enter thousands of households, but the person in charge of Zhuhai Xingye Solar Energy Company said frankly: in the next few years, the construction of "rooftop solar energy" is mainly for industrial and commercial customers, photovoltaic into the home is still facing two main problems.

First of all, it is difficult for photovoltaic to be connected to the grid. The negotiation between the energy company and the State Grid on pricing and operation mechanism is not smooth, and the two sides have not reached an agreement. "The conditions of the power sector are strict and there are many requirements".

Another obstacle is cost. Although the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic materials is "already very low", the payback period of a photovoltaic project is still as long as seven or eight years, and the project cost of small houses is higher than the factory type. And small apartment installation, it costs more than 12 yuan per watt."